Hypostatizationâ€Fallacies of Ambiguity and Language

The fallacy of Reification—also known as  Hypostatization—is very similar to the Equivocation Fallacy, except that instead of using one word and changing its meaning through the argument, it involves taking a word with a normal usage and giving it an invalid usage. Specifically, Reification involves ascribing substance or real existence to mental constructs or concepts. When human-like qualities are attributed as well, we also have anthropomorphization. Examples and Discussion of the Hypostatization Fallacy Here are some ways in which the fallacy of reification can occur in various arguments: 1) The government has a hand in everybodys business and another in every persons pocket. By limiting such governmental pickpocketing, we can limit its incursions on our freedom. 2) I cant believe that the universe would allow humans and human achievement just to fade away, therefore there must be a God and an afterlife where all will be preserved. These two arguments demonstrate two different ways that the fallacy of Reification can be used. In the first argument, the concept of government is assumed to have attributes like desire which more properly belong to volitional creatures, like people. There is an unstated premise that it is wrong for a person to put their hands in your pocket and it is concluded that it is also immoral for the government to do the same. What this argument ignores is the fact that a government is simply a collection of people, not a person itself. A government has no hands, therefore it cannot pickpocket. If the governments taxing of the people is wrong, it must be wrong for reasons other than a too-literal association with pickpocketing. Actually dealing with those reasons and exploring their validity is undermined by eliciting an emotional reaction by using the pickpocketing metaphor. This arguably means that we also have a fallacy of Poisoning the Well. In the second example above, the attributes being used are more human which means that this example of reification is also anthropomorphization. There is no reason to think that the universe, as such, really cares about anything—including humans beings. If it is not capable of caring, then the fact that it does not care is not a good reason to believe that it will miss us after we are gone. Thus, it is invalid to construct a logical argument that relies upon the assumption that the universe does care. Sometimes atheists create an argument using this fallacy which is similar to example #1, but which involves religion: 3) Religion attempts to destroy our liberty and is therefore immoral. Once again, religion has no volition because it is not a person. No human-created belief system can try to either destroy or build anything. Various religious doctrines are certainly problematic, and it is true that many religious people attempt to undermine liberty, but it is muddled thinking to confuse the two. Of course, it should be noted that hypostatization or reification is really just the use of metaphor. These metaphors become fallacies when they are taken too far and conclusions are formed on the basis of the metaphor. It can be very useful to employ metaphors and abstractions in what we write, but they carry danger in that we can begin to believe, without realizing it, that our abstract entities have the concrete attributes we metaphorically ascribe to them. How we describe a thing has a great influence on what we believe about it. This means that our impression of reality is often structured by the language we use to describe reality. Because of this, the fallacy of reification should teache us to be careful in how we describe things, lest we begin to imagine that our description has an objective essence beyond the language itself.

1984 vs V for Vendetta - 1479 Words

A revolution without dancing is a revolution not worth having (V from the film V for Vendetta). Since the first communist leader tried to over take a country, there has been another leader planning for a revolution. And Orwell was one to speak of how he sees the battle to be. Orwell has written several novels on the idea of revolutions against a superior government; one example would be Animal Farm and 1984. He has inspired others to write there ideas on the thought of the future revolution from a dictatorship of extreme power. The film V for Vendetta is one example of an Orwell inspired story. In both Orwells novel 1984 and the film V for Vendetta the protagonists Winston Smith and V live in similar difficult lives with extreme and†¦show more content†¦(4) It is readily apparent that both tales reference back to history. In the film V for Vendetta, some even to the United States, such as the black bags worn by the prisoners in lark hill go back to the black bags worn by prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq and Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.(1) which is a relation to our world we live in and the film. Connection. Also in the film there are pubic loudspeakers announcing the yellow-coded curfew alert. This is similar to the US Governments color coded Homeland Security Advisory System and as well as Nazi Germany with the loud speakers that announce different news. The media is portrayed as being highly subservient to the governments propaganda, which evokes common left wing criticism about the American Media. Mainly that it is too eager to support the governments line to regarding threats and other issues. (1)In the culture of fear montage of news video clips shown after Sutler orders his council to remind the public why they need us, the BTN refers t o avian flu as a pandemic. (The film itself) But then of course the film references to history and has cultural and symbolic references, like Valerie, who is played by Natasha Wightman, was sent to a detention center foe being a lesbian and was then tortured and had medical experiments performed on her. This is similar to when Nazi Germany was in power and there treatment upon the gays during the Holocaust, where homosexual men were sent to concentrationShow MoreRelatedComparing 1984 Vs. V For Vendetta1280 Words   |  6 Pages1984 vs. V for Vendetta: Methods of Control in Two Dystopian Societies â€Å"If you want a picture of The Future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever.† (280) These are the chilling words uttered by O’Brien to Winston Smith towards the end of George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984. This statement captures the brutality of Big Brother’s Party as the â€Å"boot† that strives to crush the human spirit. The crushing boot of the State is also apparent in the film V for Vendetta, in which the totalitarianRead MoreHonour Killing in Pakistan19346 Words   |  78 Pages...................................................................................... 41 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 44 ~V~ Figures Figure 1, Deductive, Obductive and Abductive Techniques ................................................................... 8 Figure 2, Female Victims of â€Å"Honour killings† and Karo Kari .....................................................Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesNewell Rubbermaid, Vanguard, Maytag, Harley, Merck, Firestone/Ford, Starbucks, United Way, Nike, MetLife Social and Ethical Starbucks, Merck, Firestone/Ford, United Way, MetLife Outsourcing Boeing/Airbus, Maytag, Nike, Dell Preface †¢ v TARGETED COURSES As a supplemental text, this book can be used in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It canRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesApplications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive

A Process Of Tattoo Removal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1040 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Culture Essay Level High school Topics: Tattoo Essay Did you like this example? Tattoo Removal First of all lets talk about Tattoos! What are Tattoos? Tattoo is a form of art which you paint your body with by ink, dyes and pigments. Tattoos are divided into two types, the first one is a Temporary Tattoo that disappears by the times passes and the second and more common one is a indelible Tattoo. Indelible Tattoos are the type that will stay on your body for ever! At least everyone thought that way until few years ago! Well we all make mistakes in life which are sometimes reparable and sometimes irreparable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Process Of Tattoo Removal" essay for you Create order As you can guess we are going to talk about indelible Tattoos which were impossible to remove until last few years so you never had a freedom to make mistake in choosing the Tattoo but these days it is possible to make mistakes! Yes you can clean your Tattoos out! Ways of removing Tattoos Well there are a lot of ways to remove a Tattoo from your body these days but we are going to suggest you Laser Tattoo Removal Method which is much more effective and it almost has no side effects! You get a chance to clean the ink from your body for almost 0% Risk. What could be a better news than this! How does Laser Tattoo Removal works? Our body knows the ink as a foreign objects and keeps trying to get rid of it by sending WBCs (White Blood Cells) but ink is too strong for them! But as a result of getting several attacks by WBCs, Tattoos will fade over time. As you can see it is really hard to get the ink under your skin removed. The Ink is very tough and that is the reason of using a very strong technology like Laser Technology to have your Tattoo removed. There are different types of Lasers which different strength level. For example Lasers used for hair removal are too weak for removing a Tattoo ink so using that on a Tattoo is just a big mistake which will waste your time. To remove Tattoos youll need a specialized type of Lasers called Ultra-Short Pulse. This Laser type is designed to emit very hard blast in short and small areas at each try to destroy the ink. The pigment of it also matters. There are different kinds of Ink used in Tattooing which makes it even harder to remove them. To be able to remove the Tattoos made by different ink types you will need to set the Laser to a different wavelength. The procedure is not ending here! Once the Laser turns ink to small pieces, the WBC will attack and take those small parts away so the liver can flush them out of your body. How effective is it (The Laser Tattoo Removal)? It is 99% effective. Almost all of those who have undergone it will be able to get rid of their Tattoos completely. Just like hair removal, Removing a Tattoo is not going to end in only one session. After each session you need a break to give your body few weeks to heal, as we said WBCs need time to carry the Ink away plus your body needs to heal any harm from Laser to your skin. How many sessions you will need? Well as we already talked about different kinds of ink its easy to guess that it depends on the type of the Ink your Tattoo artist used but if we are telling an average, the average is to say something between Six to Twelve sessions. Now we are going to talk about few factors which will make it easier to estimate number of the sessions you will need: Color of the Tattoo A Tattoos color is very very effective factor in estimating number of your sessions. You may think dark colored inks are harder than light ones to get rid of but surprisingly light colored Tattoos are going to take more effort than dark ones! Laser is a light anyway, different kind of it but it is a light. As we all know dark colors will absorb more light and heat into themselves so according to this, the darker a Tattoos ink is, the more light and heat (Laser) they will Absorb! On the other hand, light color Tattoos are more reflective that means they will reflect lights (including Laser light) and obviously take more sessions and time. Yellow and Purple inks are the hardest ones to get rid of. Location of the Tattoo The next factor is where your tattoo is. The more blood circulates under your skin the sooner your Tattoo gets disappeared! If your Tattoo is for example somewhere on your chest the Tattoo Removal will work in your favor but if its on your wrists or ankles it will be harder to get rid of them so it will need more time and session. Age of your Tattoo Tattoos are not disappearing over time but as we explained they get faded. The older your Tattoo is the fewer sessions it takes to be removed. Few more points about the Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Lets explain how the Laser destroys the Ink! Imagine we have a Radiation machine and we shine radiation energy on one side of the ink particle. Whats going to happen is that it will heat up that side and then the heat transfer System of molecules is going to cause the entire ink particle to heat up. Well what if we had a really really really hot hitting lamb which was very very fast! Obviously the side of the ink which is getting the heat will get hot so quick that the other side wont be able to catch up with it so it will cause a huge internal stress that will rip apart the particle. This is where the Laser differences are important, the faster you can heat a part of the ink the better you can rip apart the ink! Then White Blood Cells are going to get those little ink particles and take them to liver, the ink parts are going to mix up with other poisons in the liver and then they will all be gone by the time you visit John!

Same Sex Marriage Legal or Illegal - 2356 Words

Same-sex Marriage: Should It Be Legal Or Illegal? In 2004 eleven states in the United States approved same-sex marriage as a constitutional heterosexual institution (CNN.com) Recently the issue of same sex marriage has been on the minds of Americans along with the puzzling question of whether or not it should be legal. The fight for same-sex marriage is still going strong, yet many people frown upon the idea of people of the same-sex marrying. They say it is unconstitutional, against the religion, and violates the laws of a regular marriage between a man and women. In Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† he speaks about his right and being treated unconstitutionally. Just like he expressed in his letter,†¦show more content†¦If it is â€Å"true love† why should the government step into the relationship and not allow the â€Å"lovers† to obtain what every American wants? The U.S. was built around freedom and rights that is why the people came from Europe and the other countries on the eastern hemisphere, to be free. You cannot say that the U.S. is still completely free when you cannot marry anyone you would like. It does not seem that our country, which prides itself on â€Å"freedom†, is letting its people be free. The men and women of this country fight for that freedom in wars, and they have fought for it before. The freedom that everyone enjoys should include same sex marriage. The President, Congressmen, and people of our country should not be so offended by same sex marriage. It is not affecting their lives in any way. It is making the couple getting married the happiest people in the world, and is affecting their lives greatly. Not letting gays and lesbians marry is affecting them more then it would affect people if they were to get married. There should be no personal feeling in the decision of whether same-sex couples could marry each other. Personal feelings do not run our country, a nd they should not decide a decision for same-sex marriages. The Comparison Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a brilliant civil rights leader who believed in justice and equality among all is aShow MoreRelatedShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreTaking a Look at Same-Sex Marriage938 Words   |  4 PagesSame-sex marriage is against the law and against the moral standards of the religious society. In this paper I will sympathize with the homosexual community in order to improve their views on marriage. First amendment of the Constitution protects and makes homosexuality legal. Marriage is also legal. Marriage laws and the rights that fall under marriage are defined and upheld by the states . Should same-sex marriage remain illegal? Homosexuals believe rights guaranteed to married heterosexual couplesRead MoreThe Issue Of Immigration And Gay Rights1034 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigration and gay rights issues have arisen in numerous cases and have had controversial sides and opinions The issue of immigration has been a controversial topic between the Democratic and Republican parties. The idea of illegal immigrants having the choice to become a legal resident is a major distinction between the two parties. In general, Democrats are seen to favor immigration to the United States. The Democratic party believes that there needs to be an immigration reform to bring undocumentedRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal Defense And Education Fund Supports Same Sex Marriage?1085 Words   |  5 Pagesone of which is legalizing same-sex marriage. In their article, â€Å"Talking About the Freedom to Marry: Why Same-Sex Couples Should Have Equality in Marriage,† the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund supports same-sex marriage. An opposing view, is given by Robert P. George, a Princeton University professor. In his article, â€Å"The 28th Amendment: It Is Time to Protect Marriage, and Democracy, in America,† he explains why he is against same-sex marriage. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education FundRead MoreEssay on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1565 Words   |  7 PagesRecognizing Same-Sex Marriage Same-sex marriage is a huge controversy between Americans across the Country. In thirty-three states marriage is defined as a â€Å"union between a man and a woman†. For seventeen states in the U.S. this definition has been changed because every citizen should be treated equally according to the constitution and this also violates the Equal Protection Clause. It became possible for people of the same-sex to marry when it was stated to be unconstitutional. Denying marriage is denyingRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Issues Controversies Essay example1180 Words   |  5 Pagesnamed gay marriage â€Å"one of the key struggles of our time†. According to the website â€Å"ProCon.org† as of January 6th 2014, 17 states have taken the plunge and legalized same-sex marriage. Marriage is â€Å"one of the basic civil rights of man†. Yet, we are still waiting on 66% of our nation to do the right thing and legalize gay marriage. The ban on gay marriage has deprived gay, lesbian, and bisexuals of many benefits that come with being married. Also, it has been proved that banning gay marriage createdRead MoreThe Christian Influence Of Australia1058 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence of Christianity is still prevalent in its political agenda. This Christian influence comes from Australia’s settlement in 1788. The underlying Christian influence affects the political agenda in many ways: 2 of which are marriage equality, and inequality for same-sex couples in adoption and surrogacy laws. Australia’s history has many Christian roots and aspects weaved into it. This is evident even in today’s society, despite the constitutions declaration that prevents the Commonwealth fromRead MoreGay, Lesbian And Transgender People1382 Words   |  6 Pageshave even been posed prior to the 1960’s. Why? Simply because unless you were homosexual, it was assumed everyone in society shunned same-sex relationships. 55 years later and there’s been a significant amount of change, according to Australian marriage Equality.org â€Å"64% of Australians support marriage equality and 81% of young people (18-24 years) support [gay marriage]†, however it’s far from over, and the road to complete equality still has a few speed bumps to go. These speed bumps consist of groupsRead MoreEssay on Democrats and Republicans View Points1090 Words   |  5 Pagesbeyond any other thing. Whereas a Democrat seems to be more open minded and they stand for government supported programs. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, compare and contrast the two parties positions on the issues of same sex marriage, race based affirmative action and illegal immigration. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia â€Å"Affirmative action means constructive periods reserved to rise the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business fromRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesright for same-sex couples to marry in all 50 US states. Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy stated in the majority opinion: The court now holds that same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry. No longer may this liberty be denied to them. Marriage between same-sex couples continues to be a heated issue of debate in society today. Denying gay marriage affects gay and lesbian couples and lets people think that is acceptable to discriminate against them. Even though same-sex couples

Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 32 Free Essays

I turned my back to the estate and began walking, then running, on the dirt road into town. Somehow, I felt that my feet barely touched the ground. I ran faster and faster, but my breath stayed the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 32 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I felt that I could run like this forever, and I wanted to, because every step was taking me farther and farther away from the horrors I’d witnessed. I tried not to think, tried to block the memories from my mind. Instead I focused on the light touch of the earth as I quickly placed one foot in front of the other. I noticed that even in the darkness, I could see the way the mist shimmered on the few leaves that still clung to the trees. I could hear the breath of squirrels and rabbits as they scampered through the forest. I smelled iron everywhere. The dirt road changed into cobblestone as I entered town. Getting to town seemed to have taken no time at all, though normally I traversed the same distance in no less than an hour. I slowed to a stop. My eyes stung as I glanced slowly from left to right. The town square looked different somehow. Insects crawled in the dirt between the cobblestones. Paint flaked off the walls of the Lockwood mansion, though it had been built only a few years ago. There was disrepair and decay in everything. Most pervasive was the smell of vervain. It was everywhere. But instead of being vaguely pleasant, the scent was all-consuming and made me feel dizzy and nauseated. The only thing that countered the cloying scent was the heady smell of iron. I inhaled deeply, suddenly knowing that the only remedy against the vervain-induced weakness was in that scent. Every fiber of my body screamed that I had to find the source of it, had to nourish myself. I looked around, hungrily, my eyes rapidly scanning from the saloon down the street to the market at the end of the block. Nothing. I sniffed the air again, and realized that the scent–the glorious, awful, damning scent–was coming closer. I whirled around and sucked in my breath as I saw Alice, the pretty young barmaid from the tavern, walking down the street. She was humming to herself and walking unevenly, no doubt because she’d sampled some of the whiskey she’d been serving all night. Her hair was a red flame against her pale skin. She smelled warm and sweet, like iron and wood smoke and tobacco. She was the remedy. I stole into the shadows of the trees that flanked the street. I was shocked by how loud she was. Her humming, her breathing, each uneven footfall registered in my ear, and I couldn’t help but wonder why she wasn’t waking up everyone in town. Finally, she passed by, her curves close enough to touch. I reached out, grabbing her by her hips. She gasped. â€Å"Alice,† I said, my voice echoing hollowly in my ears. â€Å"It’s Stefan.† â€Å"Stefan Salvatore?† she said, her puzzlement quickly turning to fear. She trembled. â€Å"B-but you’re dead.† I could smell the whiskey on her breath, could see her pale neck, with blue veins running beneath her skin, and practically swooned. But I didn’t touch her with my teeth. Not yet. I savored the feeling of her in my arms, the sweet relief that what I’d spent the last moments insatiably craving was right in my hands. â€Å"Shhh †¦,† I murmured. â€Å"Everything will be all right.† I allowed my lips to graze her white skin, marveling at how sweet and fragrant it was. The anticipation was exquisite. Then, when I couldn’t take it anymore, I curled my lips and plunged my teeth into her neck. Her blood rushed against my teeth, my gums, spurting into my body, bringing with it warmth and strength and life. I sucked hungrily, pausing only when Alice went limp in my arms and her heartbeat slowed to a dull thud. I wiped my mouth and looked down at her unconscious body, admiring my handiwork: two neat holes in her neck, just a few centimeters in diameter. She wasn’t dead yet, but I knew she would be soon. I slung Alice over my shoulder, barely feeling the weight and barely feeling my feet hit the ground as I ran through town, into the woods, and back to the quarry. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 32, Essay examples

Transforming Urban Neighborhood-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compare and Contrast the approaches to urban Neighborhood Transformation in the two books set down as per-reading (Barker,Duncan). Answer: The book By Ashley Barker name Surrender All- A call to submerge with Christ and Costly Mission- Following Jesus to Neighborhood facing poverty talk about how the importance of changing the neighborhood is important. Michael Duncan along with his family lived in one of the slum communities of Manila, where he realized the best and worst part of his life[1] According to Ashley Barker it is important to raise a neighbor hood where everyone will try to rejoice and be happy together [2]They would cry together at the time of loss, death and grief, would try to resolve conflict. All these would indicate that Christ had entered the village and the people would realize that that togetherness is a society and this could be achieved through the sacred moments. Both the books have described the approaches to build a neighborhood and both books suggest that through the medium of cooperation understanding The book by Michael Duncan gives a lot of lessons about encountering the cross cultural and mission of Christianity. Duncan along with his family did the finally crossing over from the eastern culture to Western Culture. They lived different culture of life and enjoyed being suffered both happiness and sadness of the world. They placed themselves in the culture of poor and understood the sufferings and pain. The motive of the book is to talk about the pain which is of higher cost and the suffering of the mission that has costed their lifestyle. On the other hand, Ashley Barkers book is about a call to Christian discipleship and Barker said it is not important to add radical to the discipleship. It is a book which is countering the culture unlike Michael Duncan. The writer is being gripped by the Gods transforming presence and he is trying to work inside the life of the poor. The book talks about the mission of sustainability among the powerless and the poor. For Duncan, the books does not give the romantic aspects of the life of Jesus Christ which eventually led him to enter the life of the poor and trying to understand them with the pain and sufferings that is a cost of life. Duncan and his family understood the sickness, poverty and salvation. The new life of Jesus which means the reincarnation of Jesus depicts the self- emptying service of the Kingdom of God and not for the personal salvation[3] The main focus of Duncan is that the family must raised children in such a way that the children must start understanding the needs of the others instead of making it more personal. Thus, this thing of importance is necessary. Once the person start thinking about the needs of the others then gradually a transformation take place[4] Once the person can put the children to make them understand the certain needs by giving importance to the cultural life, a transformation will begin in the character of the human being, this is also being supported by Ashley Barkey in his book of Surrender all. Michael Duncan in his book talked about, that giving service to the community would bring happiness to the people. Instead of going to churches and pray, if it becomes needful to meet the needs of the slums, it becomes important for the people to help the community to build the need of the community. For example in his book, Duncan talked about the necessary to build a public toilet which could meet the necessary demand of the community.[5] The author spent life in Philippines where he helped the community to build infrastructure for the slum neighborhood. This was the beautiful initiative taken by the writer to bring improvements and transformation in the neighborhood. Similarly Ashley Barker also thinks that the urban neighborhoods that are facing poverty are increasing everywhere and they need to be addressed immediately. The poverty is spoiling the life of the people slowly and Therefore, Jesus Christ requested the people to work together for a mission to complete the dream of the urban neighborhood through the process of emancipation from the clutches of poverty. Jesus Christ can only enter when the people would cooperate with each other in order to find solution to the existing problems in terms of transforming the urban neighborhood[6] The people would believe that is they work and pray together for the people who are facing poverty can only bring happiness to the life of the urban neighborhood. Barker even pointed out that the existence of poverty is needed to be questioned. Similarly, Michael Duncan in his book pointed out that to understand poverty it is important to utilize the personal and social skills. Therefore, Ashley Baker says that it is important to stand with the poor and solidarity and also important to face the troubles together. The people indeed value the arrival of the poor community with whom, identification is needed to meet[7] Like Duncan, Barker also looks forward through his book Surrender All that the poverty needs to be taken out from a person personally and a stake must be there in the transformation of neighborhood. The community building in true self needs contact frequency, vulnerability and achieve something relevant without living near. Through the relation of Compassion, friendship needs to be built with those who are suffering hardships in life [8] Michael Duncan also waged interaction with the Christian scholars and understood the cross cultural progression through OCMS. The ideas were shifted through a grid of community and through the sharing of the cross cultural vision, people can come to know each other and understand the need to transform. Barker pointed out it is important to mobilize the new workers who are Christians and they should be equipped in such a way that the approach can happen to the urban neighborhoods.[9] The motive which is expressed through the book is that how the formation of the workers of the Christian community must gather and form a community. It is important for the sustainable mission. The book Surrender All provides how together can travel to the Christian Community together by taking into account that only the two- thirds of the world is considered to be poor, however only a little fraction of the Christian workers usually go and sustain life among them. discusses about the importance of theology. The theology teaches the people about the social life after and before death. Theology gives a systematic framework to understand the importance of theology framework and with the help of Bibilical Theology, it is important to understand the importance of a person that the people are meeting on a regular basis under the street light.[10] The Theology also saves the reader and the practitioners of the Urban Neighborhood Development must not limit themselves to the teachings of the Paul and they must also not neglect the contributions of Jesus Christ. Liberation Theology on the other hand deals with the importance of the book and gives the people to think in a more creative sense. Michael Duncan went through the study of theologies which can enhance the power of knowledge, grasping the value of the society and develops feeling for each other so that one can understand the importance of each other and try to solve the problems.[11] Barker in h is book Surrender All points out that there were some miracles happened in the churches which changes the outlook of his mission and was looking forward to serve the community properly. According to Barker, the relation with the neighborhood is not an easy task. It takes time to grasp the needs of the neighbors by asking those questions, their link with the community and also try to understand the importance of neighborhood members in the community and assist them in the workings by understanding the happiness and cry of the urban neighborhood.[12] This is the same idea shared by Michael Duncan in his book Costly Mission. In the book of Costly Mission, there is a declaration which happened fortnight that there are people who are not following the true principles of Christianity in these modern days. The teachings of Jesus Christ are being left out and not serving the Kingdom of God properly. As pointed out earlier that most of the people are not following the gospels properly and im plementing them. Duncan was concerned in his book about the reality which is authentic that follows the directives of Jesus Christ. Both Michael Duncan and Ashley Barker worked with an organization to develop the mindset of the transformation of the Urban neighborhood. Barker participated with the UNOH (Urban Neighbor of Hope) which focused on loving the neighbors and bracing the urban neighborhoods. The contribution to the urban neighborhood through the mode of specific responses and also building the positive relationships with neighbors to carry out work of transformation is an important aspect of serving Christ.[13] Unlike Duncan, Barker the transformation of the negative attitude must change in terms of considering the Christianity a negative. However by linking with the belief of Duncan, Ashley Barker in his book also pointed out that the frame of reference of the community can be connected with the living of the Christ. Michael Duncan in his book focused more on the social sciences and less on the experiences to describe the transformation of urban neighborhoods community. He just gave statement of how the poor should look after themselves and less evangelized. In his book Costly Mission there was no clear explanation of his concepts and theories. He focused less on the experiences and more on the modes of the teachings of the Bible. However, Ashley Barker focused on more of his experiences with UNOH and described the main values and understanding through the mode of experiences and understanding. He gave light about how the live experiences in details and concluded the factual analysis out of his book. [14] The kernel of Michael Duncans book is that the gospel caused cost in the life of Jesus and similarly Gospel would also cost the life of the human beings more seriously. It means he did not believe in the gospels and he wanted that the churches can do missionary work more rather than remaining a happy church. However, Ashley Barker on the other hand talks about and supports the Gospel Order and to give importance to the gospel justice of the Churches. This marks a difference between two writers experience and their perspectives of theology. Unlike Ashley Barker, Duncan do not romanticize the life of Jesus Christ because Duncan in his book wrote that it is the new life of Jesus that led Duncan to the life of poverty which has given him a lot of suffering, poverty, sickness and also loneliness and also it is not something which is served as a personal salvation for Jesus Christ rather focusing on the experiences of his own life.[15] Ashley Barker tried to keep importance to Jesus Christ and he can only be welcomed when the people are serving together the life of Jesus Christ. The main differences between Michael Duncan and Ashley Barker is that the Michael Duncan believed in theological aspects and making church to become more practical about the work of serving the neighbors. He came up with models and says that the poor must help themselves. It also has some similarity with Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift. However Ashley Barker believes that experiences are indeed important about the whole journey and the experience while working with UNOH derived that working with the poor and sharing gospels with them would enlighten them with the life of the Urban Neighborhood.[16] Therefore to conclude the gathered experiences to transform the neighborhood and it is important to understand the feelings of the people in order to approach them and make themselves exposed to the workings. Jesus Christ holds a new life and made a kingdom of God which would finally become true when the people would start helping each other and give importance to each other. References Barker, Ashley James.Surrender all: a call to sub-merge with Christ. Urban Neighbours of Hope, 2005. Bradshaw, Bruce.Change across cultures:A Narative Approach to Social Transformation.Grand Rapids.Baker, 2002 Duncan, Michael.Costly mission: following Jesus into neighbourhoods facing poverty. Urban Neighbours of Hope, 2007. Guder Darrell.Be My Witness.Grand Rapids.Eerdmans, 1985 Little, Christopher. "What Makes Mission Christian?."International Journal of Frontier Missiology25, no. 2 (2008): 65-73. McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Migliore, Daniel L.Faith seeking understanding: An introduction to Christian theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2014. MISSION, GORDON-CONWELL. "CL 650: THE CHRISTIAN LEADER AS COMMUNICATOR." (2017). Placher, William C., and Derek R. Nelson.A history of Christian theology: an introduction. Westminster John Knox Press, 2013. Pohl, Cristine. Making Room: Recovering Hospitality as a Christian Tradition, Grand Rapids: Erdmans, 1999. Sachs JeffreyD.The end of Poverty: Economic Possibilities of Our Time.New York : Penguin Press, 2005. Schaller, Lyle E.Wisdom from Lyle E. Schaller: The Elder Statesman of Church Leadership. Abingdon Press, 2012. Schaller,Lyle E. The Change Agent. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1972. Sider, Ronald J. Evangelism Social Action: In a Lost and Borken World. Sydney Hodder Stoughton, 1993. Wherever We Live. Grand Rapids. Baker Books, 2007. Duncan, Michael.Costly mission: following Jesus into neighbourhoods facing poverty. Urban Neighbours of Hope, 2007. Barker, Ashley James.Surrender all: a call to sub-merge with Christ. Urban Neighbours of Hope, 2005. Little, Christopher. "What Makes Mission Christian?."International Journal of Frontier Missiology25, no. 2 (2008): 65-73. Schaller,Lyle E. The Change Agent. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1972. Sider, Ronald J. Evangelism Social Action: In a Lost and Borken World. Sydney Hodder Stoughton, 1993. Wherever We Live. Grand Rapids. Baker Books, 2007. Pohl, Cristine. Making Room: Recovering Hospitality as a Christian Tradition, Grand Rapids: Erdmans, 1999. Schaller, Lyle E.Wisdom from Lyle E. Schaller: The Elder Statesman of Church Leadership. Abingdon Press, 2012 MISSION, GORDON-CONWELL. "CL 650: THE CHRISTIAN LEADER AS COMMUNICATOR." (2017)McGrath, Alister E.Christian theology: An introduction. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Migliore, Daniel L.Faith seeking understanding: An introduction to Christian theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2014 Placher, William C., and Derek R. Nelson.A history of Christian theology: an introduction. Westminster John Knox Press, 2013. Bradshaw, Bruce.Change across cultures:A Narative Approach to Social Transformation.Grand Rapids.Baker, 200 Guder Darrell.Be My Witness.Grand Rapids.Eerdmans, 1985Guder Darrell.Be My Witness.Grand Rapids.Eerdmans, 1985 Sachs JeffreyD.The end of Poverty: Economic Possibilities of Our Time.New York : Penguin Press, 2005

Lead Poisoning Essay Example For Students

Lead Poisoning Essay Lead Poisoning One out of every six children under the age of six are suffering from health disorders due to the poisonous metal, lead. Lead is a natural occurring bluish-gray metal found in the earths crust. It has no taste or smell. Lead can easily be found in all parts of our environment today. Most of it comes from mining, manufacturing, and the burning of fossil fuels. In the United States lead poison has increased because of the lack of knowledge in our society. Lead is released into the environment by industries, the burning of fossil fuels or wastes. When lead enters the environment, it starts to become a problem. After a period of about ten days, depending on the weather, it falls to the surface. Here lead builds up in the soil particles. Where it may make its way into underground water or drinking water due to the fact the grounds acidic or if its soft enough. Either way it stays a long time on the soil or in water. Months or years down the road after the lead has built up it starts to become a problem for children that play outside of their homes . This lead containing soil particles get on the childs hands or clothing and end up in the childs mouth. After the build up of so much lead it leads to lead poison. Lead poisoning has been an issue since the early 1900s, when the use of lead started being banned from the manufacturing of paint in foreign countries such as Australia. Unfortunately, the United States did not start banning it until 1978, when it finally became illegal in our nation. Today 90% of the lead in the atmosphere comes from the burning of gasoline. This problem has been a large issue since the 1920s, when the Environmental Protection Agency started making laws on the amount of lead allowed in gasoline. There are many other ways that a child, especially under the age of six can be diagnosed to lead poison besides air pollution. One of the most common ways is when a child eats or chews on an object that has lead based paint chips in or on its surface. Parents can easily prevent this from happening by reading labels or buying objects which are not painted. Another way in a child can be affected is by drinking water that comes from lead pipes. Houses built prior to 1978 have been found very unsafe due to the older pipes. These pipes can be easily replaced in most situations. This process may be expensive but it pays off dearly when it comes to your family, and never let your child drink from a water fountain or a water hose that you are not sure is safe. The build up of lead in the soils another problem. Bare soil can easily contain lead from car exhaust, paint peeling, and near by industries pollution. The easiest way to prevent this is by not letting you child play on bare soil or cover the soil before letting the child play in the area. Breathing workplace air has been a problem in past also. Its always best that you know the area really well that you child is playing in. An incident that occurred in North Carolina recently, was a young child was discovered having lead poison after eating some pool-cue chalk. Researchers here found the chalk could actually be a source of environmental lead. There are many effects that lead poison can have on a child if diagnosed at an early age. These injuries are severe because the body and the brain isnt fully developed, which can leave children with irreversible injuries that does not appear until many years after the exposure of lead. .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .postImageUrl , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:hover , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:visited , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:active { border:0!important; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:active , .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7 .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a82c00c0251bc8c5010dce865c35cd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay Parenting Essay In young children, lead slows the development of the central nervous system and brain. Lower levels of lead can reduce their IQ, reading and learning disabilities, ADD and behavior problems. 1. Anon. Preventing Lead Poison. (1996). Kiwanis International. 2 Encyclopedia Britannica 1996 ed.